Topographical Maps

Maps form an important part of class 10 ICSE Geography syllabus. Among the different maps that a student is expected to comprehend and solve are Topographical maps or Topography sheets. Topography maps are different than normal political or physical maps. The major area of difference lies in its predominance with symbol. Normal maps are representational in nature whereas topographical maps are symbolic ones.

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Maps are anyhow reduced representation of the real world and thus without some kind of symbol it is impossible to represent the real objects on paper. For a student taking the ICSE examination it is vital to understand the symbols well. A topography map is a combination of shapes and colors which are symbols themselves. For example, different colors define different type of land forms. A green colored area normally represents forest land. Yellow areas stand for cultivable lands and brown for hilly areas. Again some maps may have yellow for deserts. So how does a student make out these symbols?
Apparently these symbols are incomprehensible. If we look at these symbols individually often a student might not be able to decipher them correctly. To continue the above example, color yellow can represent desert or agricultural land and the particular land in question must be judged on the basis of the other features or symbols around it. So if there are no wells, tube wells, rivers or any other water body near the yellow marked land, a student can safely say that it is not an agricultural land because farmlands would also require water for irrigation. There are numerous symbols for physical features of land, transportation, vegetation, population, man-made structures, boundaries, water bodies, marine landscape and various others. Each segment includes hundreds of symbols. Correct interpretation of the important symbols along with association with other symbols is sufficient to find the right answer for the topography questions.
Detailing is the key for making as well as interpreting topographical maps in ICSE Geography. For the uninitiated this is impossible to decipher. But with some practice it can be found out that these circles represent the depth or the height of that part of the land. And the numbers beside the concentrating circle are actually the height of the land and this will in turn help the student to decipher the type of land in question that is flat lands, plateaus, hills or marshy lands.

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Globes

If your child is struggling to learn geography in school, there is hope to helping him get on track with his studies. Just turn to globes. Really, globes are fabulous educational tools for teaching your child about all the important places on the planet. This is made possible because globes are 3D representations of the earth. Pointing out all those spots, like bodies of water, continents, and countries, is a breeze since all you have to do is spin the globe around and your there. What's also great about this fixture is that your child gains a great understanding of his location and where he's at in relation to other parts of the world. Like, if you're family lives in Idaho and he's learning about a country in Asia, he will see that it is halfway around the world.
There are even globes that make learning fun because you can get ones that light up and others that are raised relief. They allow you to put an interesting twist on the lesson. For example, you could teach your child about the different countries in the world in the dark since the globe can illuminate the whole room. The ones that are raised relief actually have bumps on them, so your child can see and feel the difference in elevation, which is pretty neat when you're trying to keep them focused and on task.
Along with being a practical educational tool, globes also have an attractive quality to them. Well, it is because they are made out of stunning materials that create globes that are extremely pleasing to the eye. For instance, the raised relief globes are generally crafted from wood that has a lovely cream base, which is then has the world detailing screen printed right on them.
Or, you can get others that are made out of beautiful gemstones, yes, gemstones, the same stones that are used to make jewelry. What also adds to a globe's beauty is how it can be mounted on other gorgeous materials. Like, wood that feature different finishes along with metals like silver and gold.
When it comes down to it, there are just a lot of different globes to choose from and for an easy way to check them all out, just hit the internet for some online shopping. Talk about being convenient since you didn't even have to step outside of your home to get what you wanted.
So, if your child is struggling with geography in school, help him out at home with classic globes. They are a great educational tool and a sure fire way to make sure he gets back on track in the classroom.

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Help With Geography Homework

Do you find yourself wondering how to complete your geography homework? Are you a parent wondering how to help your children with their geography homework?
Schools seem to be setting more and more homework on topics that were rarely covered only a few years ago, leaving students with a lack of accessible help.
As a teacher with ten years experience I find more and more parents coming to me expressing variations on these problems. The answer I always give them is to spend time together. If the homework needing to be completed is about villages, go outside and look around the village together. Talking openly about what things you both know about the homework topic in general and what things you both want to find out is always a good starting point. It can allow you both to discover a good 'working' relationship.
The adult needs to listen carefully and then supply what knowledge they have. A parent without any schooling after 16 will know a huge amount about the world in general and this is an important resource that they should not be too scared to offer.
Don't get hurried into finding the 'answer' and also allow yourselves to be taken off topic. At the very least the time you spend together will improve communication and allow for you to both express your ideas and knowledge to each other in the future.

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Homeschool Geography

We hear statistics all the time about how people on the street are asked simple geography questions and aren't able to answer them correctly. We certainly don't want our home school children to be part of those statistics. With the right tools, any child can learn a great deal about the world around them and how it functions. Here are the tools you need to teach home school Geography:

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1. When you hear of countries or places that you haven't heard of before when listening to the news, reading stories or just hearing others talk, get out a good map and find that place with your children. There is no reason to be ignorant of other places in the world when we have some of the best maps available in our country.

2. When going on a trip allow your child to plan the route and find interesting places along the way. Have them keep track of how many miles you travel. This helps your child be more aware of the world around them.

3. Talk about geography terms. When you or your child encounter new words like plateau, delta, or reservoir, find out what they mean. You might even be able to find a picture of this geography term to better understand the definition. Geography is not only about locating places. You can also explore statistics for a certain area, photographs, and type of land in your study of geography.

4. Use the Internet, computer software games, and even board games to teach geography. Games teach a tremendous amount of knowledge, sometimes without the child even knowing it. When competition is involved, many children will do or learn anything to win. Games make learning fun.

5. Get maps and geography tools like atlases and almanacs. Children always want to know where they are on a map. You can start there and point out where other family members live in relation to them. If you go on a long trip, when you get back show them how far you traveled on the globe. Take advantage of the many great resources and ideas and enjoy your exploration of geography. When you are interested in the world around you, your children will catch that interest.

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Geography Bee Preparation

When preparing for a geography bee, students must extend their studies beyond map locations and into relationships or how one area influences another.

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Study Aids for Geography Bee Preparation
Maps
The first tool students need is an up to date world map that clearly defines country borders and includes physical features such as mountain ranges, deserts and other major land features like the Canadian Shield. It is helpful if the map is portable, so for example, if the student sees something on the news or in a movie, they can quickly grab their map and locate the area that is referenced. It is also fun to have some historic maps to compare to modern maps, to see where ancient civilizations were located in relation to modern cities.
Current Events Source of Information
The geography bee will include questions related to current events. Therefore, the student needs access to a world news source. This could include such sources as BBC News Front Page, CNN.com (see World link), WorldNews.com or The World News Connection. Geography Reference Materials
Sources should include statistical data such as population figures including distribution and densities. National Geographic 3D Globe is a good software choice for older students that need quick information on world religions, health, education or other comparative data.
National Geography Standards
These standards, established in 1994 to guide geography course work in the schools, include five major areas and eighteen sub divisions. In brief, these standards require an understanding of the following:
1. The World in Spatial Terms
• Knowing how to use maps
• The ability to organize people, places and environments into spatial terms
• The ability to analyze the spatial organization of people, places and environments
2. Places and Regions
• Physical and Human Characteristics of Places
• That People Create Regions to Interpret Earth's Complexity
• How Culture and Experience Influence Perceptions of Places and Regions
3. Physical Systems
• Physical Processes That Shape the Patterns of Earth's Surface
• Characteristics and Spatial Distribution of Ecosystems
4. Human Systems
• Characteristics, Distribution and Migration of Human Populations
• Characteristics, Distribution and Complexity of Earth's Cultures
• Patterns and Networks of Economic Interdependence on Earth's Surface
• Processes, Patterns and Functions of Human Settlement
5. Environment and Society
• How Human Actions Modify the Physical Environment
• How Physical Systems Affect Human Systems
Nearly every school subject, whether social studies or biology, includes geography related concepts. In fact, geography incorporates so many areas that it is almost impossible to study or memorize everything.
Therefore, kids should strive to succeed in all of their course work especially social studies, government, history and earth science to be successful in geography. For example how an environmental change affected migration patterns, economics and resources, population distribution or political influence.
If the student is planning to compete in the National Geographic sponsored bee, it is a good idea if they regularly visit their website and read the "Kids News" and their "Bee Resources" pages.
In Summary
Geography bees may include many geography related subject areas. To succeed, students must make their map their constant companion as they study current events, world history, social studies and earth science. In addition, once they have mastered their maps they should be able to analyze and organize statistical data into spatial relationships. Lastly, successful geography students are able to see the entire modern and ancient world and its populations in spatial relationships and begin to see the interconnectivity of events.

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The Geography of Quality Airsoft Rifles

For the past ten years, the airsoft market has been dominated by Taiwanese and Japanese manufacturers like ICS, Classic Army and Tokyo Marui. These companies produce high quality products and enjoy strong brand recognition, but, unfortunately, their reputation for quality comes with a high price tag. Their airsoft sniper rifles start at $250 and are often priced in excess of $400, making them a major investment and limiting the average person's ability to purchase multiple arms. Manufacturers like Jing Gong (JG), AGM, DBoys, and CYMA may have at first been dismissed as Chinese knockoffs, but today it is clear that they manufacture to the same high performance/quality standards as their Japanese and Taiwanese counterparts. How do they manufacture high quality products for so much less? The Chinese factories tend to be larger and have lower labor and component costs. The classic airsoft manufacturers may have met their match in the new generation of Chinese manufactured arms. Here are a few examples of high-value Chinese manufactured airsoft rifles:
The JG M4 S-System: With a muzzle velocity that overpowers even Tokyo Marui AEGs, this firearm is a tremendous value considering its extremely solid ABS polymer body and full metal rail system and gear box. The JG M4 S-System is releasing a new 2010 version and features numerous tactical accessory upgrades, including flashlights, scopes, lasers, and grenade launchers.
JG M4 S-System Full Metal: Similar to the KWA M4 S-SYSTEM, but more advanced, the JG M4 S-SYSTEM features full metal design and fires at 400-450 FPS. A pre-installed MOSFET CHIP ensures the highest rate of fire, quicker trigger response and longer battery life. It is literally the lowest priced MOSFET-equipped airsoft M4 S-System AEG there is.
AGM L96 w/ scope & bipod: Perhaps one of the best rifles ever launched by AGM, the new AGM AWP L96 bolt action sniper rifle is one of the nicest bolt actions on the market for under $100. It features a long, one-piece, full-metal, tight-bore sniper barrel and shoots with extreme force (over 450 FPS) and accuracy.
DE Multi-Shot Triple Burst Shotgun: This multi-shot, triple burst, heavyweight shotgun is the newest DE shotgun on the market. It features three barrels combined into one super-reinforced barrel to maximize power and tactical efficiency. Three BBs shoot out after every pump, making this the fastest-shooting airsoft shotgun on the market, not to mention one of the most versatile shotguns you can purchase for less than $100.

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The Five Themes of Geography

In 1984, the National Council for Geographic Education and the Association of American Geographers jointly formulated the statement on the five themes of geography. The creation of the five themes of geography has since be supplanted by the National Geography Standards, but still provides an excellent base to facilitate and organize the teaching of geography in grades K-12.

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LOCATION
The first of the five themes of geography is that of location. Location is the study of where the feature sits either relatively or absolutely. It may be a listing of latitude and longitude or GPS system coordinates. Street address are also an absolute location, as is a township and range. The first of the five themes of geography can also be relational. An example is the statement that "Seattle, Washington is north of Portland, Oregon."

PLACE
The second element of the five themes of geography is that of place. This portion of the five themes of geography describes places in terms of both the humans and the physical characteristics of the site. The human side of the equation includes the effects which humans have had on the land and surroundings. This might be cultural, architectural, occupational and recreational use of the land and even transportation systems. The physical aspect of the five themes of geography describes mountain, lakes, rivers and deserts as well and the plant and animal life which occupies the space.

HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
This category of the five themes of geography describes how humans both modify and adapt to their environment. Humans have reshaped the land, changed the flow of rivers, dug the Panama Canal. All these are examples of the human-environment interaction portion of the five themes of geography.

MOVEMENT
This theme of the five themes of geography studies the movement of humans across the face of the earth. It can include ideas, resources, communications as well as fads and durable goods. The entire picture and history of human emigration and movement across the surface of the planet forms the basis for the fourth of the five themes of geography.

REGION
Finally, the fifth of the five themes of geography describes a place in terms of its position on the surface of the earth. Regions can be formal, such as cities, counties, states or countries. The boundaries are wide known and generally understood. Regions can be functional, such as describing the coverage area for cell phone service. Different age and grade levels can absorb different levels of these themes at any one time. Typically the younger age groups will begin with themes one and will master the states of the United States, or the State Capital of their home state.

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Enjoy Geography Learning

Then you are in luck with the newest edition of the ever-so famous game of Monopoly, Monopoly Here and Now Game World Edition.
The World Edition of this Monopoly game was designed in lieu with many people wanting a game that mirrors the increasing admiration for world travel. As a matter of fact, the Monopoly World Edition is the primary international edition of the game ever introduced. Rather than the traditional properties of Monopoly games in the previous years, this World Edition properties involve cities from all over the globe.

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Following almost 6 million votes, Montreal got the chance to become with game's most costly property, initially held by Boardwalk in the first Monopoly game. Riga, Latvia happened to be second and is the second most costly property, referred to in previous Monopoly games as Park Place.
Moreover, voters wrote in cities that they would have loved to have in the game as well. This edition of the Monopoly game also Edition revamped a lot on the game board, like the Community Chest and Chance cards to mirror various popular events conducted in cities all over the globe. The Monopoly Here and Now Game (World Edition) is a fabulous game that your loved ones can engage in together and never get bored with. The revamped properties, alongside the new Community Chest and Chance cards, provide children with the opportunity to discover fascinating cities and events on the other side of the globe. Discovering new information has never been this enjoyable with the latest Monopoly game.

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A Great Free Tool to Improve Your Geography Skills

Hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of other people struggle with geography. Once you've graduated from school and settled into your career, no one starts asking uncomfortable questions like, "What's the capital of Lithuania?", until your kids hit third or fourth grade.
It isn't awfully hard to get rusty.

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UI Admission Test

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Tutoring? Yeah, right! Why waste the money?
Just visit Yahoo! Kids and go to the Yahooligans! Games section. Here, you'll find lots of adult friendly games to take you from being a geography novice to a quick-witted geography genius! With easy graphics, a timer (conveniently there to keep you competing with your best runs), and a three-miss allowance, you'll be sure to remember all of those geography lessons you'd forgotten. Chose from....
*Capital Field Guide (USA): Where you identify states and capitals of the USA
*Where In the World Is?: Match country names to their outlined borders on continental maps (a total of 8)
*World Capitals: For the true hardcore geography buffs.
*US State Detectives: Refresher in North American states and borderlines.

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Overseas Jobs

Not Just a Change of Geography
When you relocate for the purpose of a new job, especially if it's overseas, adapting to your new workplace is an additional challenge you need to prepare for.
It's very easy to start a new job with the expectation and hope that you'll fit in perfectly, be well-respected because your great reputation from your current department will precede you, and that hard work will help you get a promotion within a defined period of time.

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What helped you advance to this point in your career may not work in your new office. In fact, trying to work and behave in the same manner could quickly leave you isolated by your peers, and insulting your management. Here are a few ideas to help you prepare for your overseas work experience:
Don't assume that your current work ethic and style will earn you the same positive reputation you have now
Learn the local language if it's different than your own. Even if you don't speak it fluently, your colleagues and management will have more respect and admiration for you if you make the effort.

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Why Geography Matters For Telesales

Recently the circles in which I've been running have focused on finding and making best use of the "teachable moment" Jan Carlzon of Scandinavian Airlines, SAS, made famous in his book, Moments of Truth.
Essentially, a teachable moment is that intersection of opportunity and candor when someone's "guard" is down because you've treated them with respect and then, in a leadership role, you have the chance to teach a truth of your business, or more rarely, get the joy of watching a junior staffer shine in front of the big brass because of a particular insight or job done well.

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This article deals with phone work, especially getting names right. Many of the call centers run by small firms (still domestic) are staffed by youth not even out of high-school, without any command of the English language, let alone nuances of foreign pronunciations.
Investing Energy in Learning Foreign Names
Italian: Sforza, Sbisa
Spanish: Joaquin
Spanish: Espinoza
Thinking Like a Shipping Agent
There was a product priced the same amount as a FedEx rate, and the order-taker entered a quantity of 1, which was correct, yet then incorrectly overrode the shipping charge (which defaults to UPS, and has to be overridden to force the Pri Overnight). Some folks never get it, and this management team was certainly among those who didn't. If ever there was a time to be open to change and-as an old dog, learn new tricks-that time would be now.
So what's the teachable moment here? THE FIRST is when the member joins the firm and goes through a phone-skills class (How many firms have them? How many firms need them, if one of their primary means of communicating with the public is via telephone?)
AND THE NEXT is via well-placed remarks on the casual management ambit to see what's going on in the trenches. Just like children, staff attitudes are "caught not taught." Graham HainesNote that neither of these concepts will be executed in a company that is totally driven by bean-counters with an obsessive focus on "the bottom line." That's ok as long as it is the real bottom line where we treasure people and exploit tools, never the other way around. It's like my fifth grade geography class where we had to memorize states, capitals and major rivers. Not because our teacher planned on any of us being travel agents, it was just a great ingredient in the stew of life that is part of being "well rounded and well read." If somebody is talking about the Monongahela [River] you can reasonably expect address information from West VA. or Pittsburgh metro area, but not Detroit, Chicago or LA.
Enthusiasm and "being on your toes" sells more product than a script ever will. Judging by the financial sector melt-down of fall 2008, and the ethics-in-government crisis of 2009, it seems like we've got a lot more bright people than those who are "well rounded and well read." It takes less sense than God gave gravel to recognize that the mayor of London, Boris Johnson, is speaking the uncommon truth when he remarks:
Who created it? One of the key attributes of the systems thinking mindset is applying this "cultural" knowledge to business settings so more folk can bring the common sense that has brought our world the standard of living we now enjoy, back into more common use.

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Geography Bee

Geography Bees are performed locally school by school, but there are also regional, state, and national competitions. The National Geographic Bee, previously the National Geography Bee, is open to fourth through eighth grade American students. The annual Bee is hosted by Alex Trebek and has students from all 50 states, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands and Pacific territories, as well as Department of Defense Dependents Schools.

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School level competitions begin in November. The Bee begins with preliminaries, where competitors are split into groups of twenty. Each is asked one question from 7 categories. Each question is worth 1 point, and the top scorers advance to the second round.
The 10 finalists are cleared of previous points, and are eliminated after two incorrect answers. Once the third place winner is decided, the two semi-finalists go head to head. Before the question is asked, points are cleared once more. Participants have 15 seconds to write down their answers. To qualify for state competition, all school-level winners take a written test. The top 100 qualify for the state bee, which follows the same rules as the local bees. National competitors are the winners from state and territory bees. Other than an increase in preliminary questions from 7 to 9, rules are identical.

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The Geography and Climate of the Caribbean

The variety of the Caribbean region leads to significant land forms and a surprising variety of climatic conditions.
The Caribbean consists primarily of the archipelago of islands from Bermuda and the Bahamas to Trinidad and the Dutch Antilles. In a geo-political sense, the Caribbean also includes Belize, Suriname and French Guyana - countries that are located in Central and South America.
For a region that lacks glaciers, tors and inselbergs, the landscapes of Caribbean countries are enough to whet the appetite of an avid geography enthusiast.

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Volcanoes
As a region whose formation was influenced by volcanic activity, the Caribbean has a number of active volcanoes. Soufriere immediately comes to mind, as it is a name associated with a number of volcanoes in the Caribbean, including Montserrat's notorious Mt. Soufriere. Even Trinidad has active mud volcanoes.
Mountains and Mountain Ranges
Mountain ranges exist, in Cuba, Belize, Hispaniola, Jamaica and even smaller islands like Trinidad and Tobago, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia and Dominica. Historians state that Trinidad got its name from Columbus' sighting of three hills (Trinity hills). Some other notable mountains and mountain ranges in the Caribbean include the Northern Range (Trinidad), Mount Gimie (St. Lucia), Blue Mountains (Jamaica) and Morne Diablotins (Dominica).
Waterfalls
Most Caribbean countries (small as they are) have multiple waterfalls. Many waterfalls are found in mountainous regions across the Caribbean like Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and several smaller islands like St. Lucia and Grenada- to name a couple.
Rainforest
The existence of exotic flora and fauna is also attributed to the presence of rainforests in the Caribbean.
Swamps
Notable swamps include the Nariva Swamp and Caroni swamp.
Beaches and coral reefs
Beaches are notable not only for the white-sand and multi-coloured water, but the prevalence of the coral reefs on many islands. Coral reefs are major geographical features in the Caribbean. Sand bars also make some of the Caribbean beaches very interesting. Other geographical features of some parts of the Caribbean include deserts, miniature islands, caves, bays and inlets.
Climate
The Caribbean doesn't have four seasons. The Caribbean climate is typically warm and humid, with dry and wet seasons. The dry season spans from January to May, while the wet season spans from June to December.
Some parts of the Caribbean - like Margarita and the Dutch Antilles - experience semi-arid conditions that lead to the formation of deserts. The climate of Trinidad - as the southernmost Caribbean island - is similar to that of Guyana with a very prominent "rainy season" and high humidity.
The rest of the islands experience marginally higher temperatures with seasonal rainfall that is influenced by the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The ITCZ sometimes yields torrential rainfall for days on end in the Caribbean. Beyond Trinidad and Tobago and the Dutch Antilles, the Caribbean islands lie within the hurricane belt. The range of temperatures in the Caribbean is not extreme. The average temperature (night and day) across all of the Caribbean countries is about 28 degrees Celsius. The lowest temperature on average is 22 degrees Celsius (71.6 Fahrenheit). The highest temperature is about 36 degrees Celsius (96.8 degrees Fahrenheit). Naturally, mountainous regions are cooler (because of the higher altitude) and the Windward Islands are cooler than the Leeward Islands.
This is by no means a comprehensive overview of the diversity of the Caribbean region. After all the Caribbean region has many different sub-regions with different climatic and geographical influences.

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